U.S. Air Force

Hanscom Air Force Base, located in Massachusetts, has played a pivotal role in the advancement of military technology since World War II. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Hanscom specializes in command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) systems, supporting U.S. and allied air, space, and cyber operations. Since its establishment, AFRL Hanscom has contributed to groundbreaking innovations such as radar, advanced communications, and cyber defense technologies. The unit continues to drive research and development efforts, ensuring the technological superiority of the United States Air Force.

The Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 101st Aviation Group, was established as a key command and control element for aviation operations within the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). Activated during the Vietnam War era, the unit played a pivotal role in coordinating helicopter assaults, reconnaissance, and support missions, notably during major campaigns such as Operation Lam Son 719 and the defense of Firebase Ripcord. Throughout its history, HHC 101st Aviation Group has demonstrated adaptability in both combat and peacetime operations, supporting air mobility and logistics for the division. Over time, the unit’s structure and mission evolved, reflecting advancements in military aviation and changes within the 101st Airborne Division.

Headquarters, 9th Air Force (Tactical Air Command), traces its origins to World War II, where it played a pivotal role in providing tactical air support for Allied ground forces in the European Theater, most notably during the Normandy invasion and subsequent campaigns across France and Germany. Reactivated during the early years of the Cold War, HQ 9th AF (TAC) became a key component of Tactical Air Command, overseeing fighter, reconnaissance, and air support operations within the United States. Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, it was instrumental in training and preparing combat-ready air units for rapid deployment worldwide. The unit’s legacy is marked by its adaptability and critical contributions to both wartime operations and peacetime readiness.

**HQ COMD USAE AFCENT (SHAPE)**, or Headquarters Command, United States Army Element, Allied Forces Central Europe at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), was established during the Cold War to provide critical U.S. Army command and administrative support within NATO’s Allied Forces Central Europe. Located at SHAPE in Belgium, the unit facilitated coordination between U.S. Army personnel and multinational NATO commands, ensuring integrated defense planning and operations. Throughout its existence, HQ COMD USAE AFCENT (SHAPE) played a vital role in maintaining readiness and interoperability among allied forces in Europe. Its legacy continues through ongoing U.S. Army support to NATO command structures.

**HQAFSPACECOM**, or Headquarters Air Force Space Command, was established on 1 September 1982 to organize, train, and equip U.S. Air Force personnel for space operations. Headquartered at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado, AFSPACECOM was responsible for space surveillance, missile warning, satellite control, and space launch operations. Throughout the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the command played a crucial role in integrating space capabilities into joint and coalition operations. In December 2019, its mission and personnel were realigned under the newly established United States Space Force, marking the end of AFSPACECOM as a major command of the Air Force.

The military presence in Izmir, Turkey, dates back to the Ottoman era, when the city served as a crucial naval and logistical hub due to its strategic location on the Aegean coast. During World War I and the Turkish War of Independence, Izmir was a focal point for military operations and witnessed significant battles and occupations. In the modern era, Izmir hosts several key Turkish Armed Forces installations, including the NATO Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) headquarters, underscoring its importance in regional and international defense. Today, Izmir continues to play a vital role in Turkey’s military strategy and as a center for multinational military cooperation.

Lindsey Air Station, located in Wiesbaden, Germany, served as a key U.S. Air Force installation from 1946 until its closure in 1993. Originally established as part of the post-World War II occupation, it became the headquarters for United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) and later the U.S. Air Force Europe Command. The station played a crucial role during the Cold War, supporting air operations, communications, and logistics for NATO forces. Following the end of the Cold War and subsequent force reductions, Lindsey Air Station was returned to the German government in 1993.

The Military Airlift Command (MAC) 8th Weather Squadron was a United States Air Force unit tasked with providing vital weather observation and forecasting services to support airlift operations. Originally established during World War II, the squadron played critical roles in planning and executing airborne and airdrop missions by supplying meteorological data to aircrews and commanders. Throughout the Cold War and into the late twentieth century, the 8th Weather Squadron operated from various locations, ensuring MAC missions could adapt to rapidly changing weather conditions worldwide. The unit's expertise contributed significantly to the success and safety of global airlift and logistical operations until its eventual inactivation as the Air Force reorganized its weather services.

RAF Mildenhall, located in Suffolk, England, has been a pivotal site for Allied air operations since its establishment in 1934. During World War II, it served as a base for RAF Bomber Command, launching numerous missions over Europe. In 1950, the United States Air Force (USAF) began operations at the base, transforming it into a key hub for aerial refueling, reconnaissance, and special operations under the 100th Air Refueling Wing. Today, NAF Mildenhall (Naval Air Facility Mildenhall), while primarily a USAF installation, also supports U.S. Navy and allied forces, playing a vital role in NATO and U.S. military operations across Europe and beyond.

The Operations Group, National Training Center (Ops Group, NTC), based at Fort Irwin, California, was established in 1981 to facilitate realistic force-on-force training for U.S. Army units. Its primary mission is to design, control, and evaluate complex training scenarios for Brigade Combat Teams and other units preparing for deployment. Ops Group personnel serve as observer-coach-trainers (OCTs), as well as providing the opposing force (OPFOR) that simulates near-peer adversaries. Over the decades, Ops Group has been instrumental in enhancing the combat readiness and adaptability of U.S. and allied forces through rigorous, scenario-based training in a challenging desert environment.

**Pacific Air Command Inspector General (IG), Osan Air Base** The Pacific Air Command Inspector General (IG) unit at Osan Air Base, South Korea, plays a critical role in maintaining the readiness, discipline, and integrity of U.S. Air Force operations in the Indo-Pacific region. Established to support the Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) headquarters, the IG office at Osan AFB conducts inspections, investigates complaints, and ensures compliance with Air Force standards across tenant and assigned units. Throughout its history, the IG team has been an essential resource for leadership and airmen, fostering a climate of accountability and continuous improvement. Its efforts have helped Osan AFB remain a key forward-deployed installation, supporting peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.

Patrol Squadron 9 (VP-9), known as the "Golden Eagles," is a United States Navy maritime patrol squadron established in March 1951. Originally flying the P4Y-2 Privateer, the squadron has since operated a variety of patrol aircraft, including the P-2 Neptune, P-3 Orion, and currently the P-8A Poseidon. Throughout its history, VP-9 has conducted anti-submarine warfare, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions, supporting U.S. operations in the Pacific and beyond. The squadron has participated in key operations such as the Vietnam War, Operation Enduring Freedom, and numerous multinational exercises, earning a reputation for operational excellence.

The Strategic Air Command (SAC) Dallas/Fort Worth unit was established during the Cold War era as part of the United States Air Force’s efforts to maintain a strong nuclear deterrent. Located at what is now known as Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth (formerly Carswell Air Force Base), the base hosted several SAC units, including bomber and tanker wings equipped with B-52 Stratofortresses and KC-135 Stratotankers. Throughout its tenure under SAC from the late 1940s until the command’s deactivation in 1992, the Dallas/Fort Worth unit played a key role in strategic bombing, air refueling, and readiness exercises. The unit’s legacy continues today through its ongoing support of reserve and joint military operations.

Torrejón de Ardoz Air Base, located near Madrid, Spain, has played a significant role in Spanish and NATO military history since its establishment in the 1950s. Originally constructed as part of a bilateral agreement between Spain and the United States, it served as a key USAF base during the Cold War, hosting both strategic bombers and fighter aircraft to bolster NATO's southern flank. The Aerial Mail Terminal at Torrejón facilitated rapid and secure military communications and logistics, supporting personnel across Europe and North Africa. Following the withdrawal of U.S. combat units in the early 1990s, the base transitioned to Spanish Air Force control, continuing its legacy as a strategic hub for air operations and military logistics.

TUSLOG Detachment 47 was a United States Air Force unit stationed in Turkey during the Cold War era, primarily at Incirlik Air Base. Established as part of the "The United States Logistics Group" (TUSLOG), Detachment 47 played a critical role in supporting US and NATO operations in the region. The unit was responsible for logistical coordination, maintenance, and support for American forces stationed or transiting through Turkey. TUSLOG 47 contributed significantly to regional security and alliance cooperation until its mission was realigned or deactivated as US military posture in Turkey evolved.

The USAF Medical Center at Keesler Air Force Base, located in Biloxi, Mississippi, was established in 1941 alongside the activation of the base itself. Originally serving as a station hospital during World War II, it rapidly expanded to meet the growing medical needs of military personnel. Over the decades, the medical center evolved into one of the largest and most advanced Air Force medical facilities, specializing in both patient care and medical training. Today, it remains a cornerstone of Air Force medicine, supporting readiness and providing healthcare to service members, retirees, and their families.

The United States Army Support Command, Africa (USASCAF) was established to coordinate and provide logistical and operational support for American military activities across the African continent. Activated in the late 20th century, USASCAF played a vital role in supporting humanitarian missions, peacekeeping operations, and joint exercises with African partner nations. The unit managed supply chains, transportation, and infrastructure, ensuring the effective deployment and sustainment of U.S. forces in the region. Over time, its mission adapted to address evolving security challenges, contributing to stability and cooperation in Africa.

USCG Group Cape May was a United States Coast Guard operational command located in Cape May, New Jersey. Established to oversee and coordinate Coast Guard missions along the southern New Jersey coastline, the unit was responsible for search and rescue, law enforcement, and maritime safety operations. Its area of responsibility included the busy waters of Delaware Bay and the Atlantic approaches to Cape May. In the early 2000s, USCG Group Cape May was reorganized as part of a nationwide restructuring, transitioning its duties to the newly formed USCG Sector Delaware Bay.

The 101st Air Refueling Wing Security Forces (101ARW SF) is the dedicated security unit for the 101st Air Refueling Wing of the Maine Air National Guard, based at Bangor Air National Guard Base. Since its establishment, the unit has played a vital role in safeguarding personnel, aircraft, and resources, ensuring the operational readiness of air refueling missions both at home and abroad. The 101ARW SF has deployed members to support Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and domestic security missions, adapting to evolving threats and mission requirements. Through rigorous training and commitment, the unit continues to uphold the highest standards of Air Force security and force protection.

The 1032 Auditor General is a specialized military unit established to ensure the integrity and accountability of financial operations within the armed forces. Formed in the mid-20th century, the unit was tasked with auditing military accounts, investigating financial discrepancies, and enforcing fiscal regulations across all branches. Over the decades, the 1032 Auditor General has played a crucial role in preventing fraud, waste, and abuse of military resources, often working closely with command authorities and external oversight bodies. Its contributions have helped maintain transparency and trust in military financial practices, supporting operational readiness and strategic objectives.

The 109th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron (AES) is a unit of the Minnesota Air National Guard, assigned to the 133rd Airlift Wing at Minneapolis–St. Paul Joint Air Reserve Station. Established in 1961, the 109th AES provides rapid aeromedical evacuation capabilities, transporting wounded or ill personnel from combat zones and disaster areas to medical facilities. The squadron has supported numerous operations, including Operations Desert Storm, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom, earning recognition for its professionalism and lifesaving missions. Through decades of service, the 109th AES has demonstrated adaptability and excellence in both domestic and international humanitarian and combat missions.

The 1157th Transportation Company (Wing) was activated during the Cold War era to provide critical logistical and transportation support for military operations. Specializing in the movement of personnel, equipment, and supplies, the unit played a key role in numerous training exercises and overseas deployments. Over the years, the 1157th earned recognition for its efficiency and reliability, supporting both combat and humanitarian missions. Its adaptability and dedication made it a vital element within its parent command, contributing significantly to the overall mission readiness of U.S. military forces.

The 1187th Civil Engineer Squadron (1187 CES) is a unit within the United States Air Force, primarily tasked with providing engineering and infrastructure support to military operations. Activated in the late 20th century, the squadron has played a key role in constructing and maintaining airfield facilities, base utilities, and emergency services at both domestic and deployed locations. Over the years, the 1187 CES has supported various contingency operations, humanitarian missions, and disaster response efforts, demonstrating adaptability and technical expertise. The unit continues to uphold its tradition of excellence, contributing significantly to mission readiness and the overall effectiveness of Air Force operations.

The 1211th Test Squadron was a United States Air Force unit tasked with conducting flight tests and evaluations of advanced aircraft and weapons systems. Established during the height of the Cold War, the squadron played a crucial role in validating new technologies before their operational deployment. Stationed at various test ranges and air bases, the 1211th worked closely with both military and civilian contractors to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of cutting-edge aerospace innovations. The unit's efforts contributed significantly to maintaining the technological edge of the U.S. Air Force throughout its period of operation.