About this Unit
The Raven Rock Mountain Complex, commonly known as Site R, is a highly secure military installation located in Pennsylvania, near the Maryland border. Constructed in the early 1950s during the Cold War, the facility was designed as an alternate command center for the United States military and government in the event of a nuclear attack. Site R serves as a backup to the Pentagon, housing operations centers for the Department of Defense, including the Alternate National Military Command Center (ANMCC). Over the decades, it has remained a vital component of U.S. strategic continuity planning, adapting to evolving threats and technological advancements.
Historical Facts
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Cold War Creation: The Raven Rock Mountain Complex, nicknamed "Site R," was constructed in the early 1950s as a direct response to the threat of Soviet nuclear attack, serving as a backup Pentagon and command center for the U.S. government and military.
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Massive Underground Bunker: The complex is built deep inside Raven Rock Mountain, Pennsylvania, and consists of a network of tunnels and blast-proof chambers that are designed to withstand nuclear explosions.
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Alternate National Military Command Center (ANMCC): Site R is officially known as the Alternate National Military Command Center, playing a vital role in continuity of government and military operations during national emergencies.
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Connected to NORAD: The facility has operational ties with Cheyenne Mountain Complex (NORAD) in Colorado, forming part of the U.S. military’s broader network of hardened command centers.
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“The Little Pentagon”: Due to its similar role and organizational structure, Site R has earned the nickname "The Little Pentagon."
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President’s Emergency Refuge: While Camp David is nearby, Raven Rock was designed as a possible evacuation site for high-ranking officials, including the President, in the event of a nuclear war.
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Self-Sustaining: The complex is equipped with its own power plant, water supply, and communications systems, allowing it to operate independently for extended periods if needed.
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Top Secret for Decades: The very existence of Site R was classified for many years and only officially acknowledged by the U.S. government in the 1990s.
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Pop Culture References: Site R has been featured in books, documentaries, and TV shows, including Tom Clancy’s novels and the video game “Fallout 76,” which is set in nearby Appalachia.
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Still Operational: Despite the end of the Cold War, Raven Rock remains an active and critical component of U.S. national security infrastructure, with regular drills and upgrades to maintain its readiness.
