16 SURS, 1st Space Wing (SPC), Shemya AFB, AK

• Unit Full Name & Mission: The 16th Surveillance Squadron (16 SURS) was a key unit of the 1st Space Wing, tasked with operating the Cobra Dane radar at Shemya Air Force Base, Alaska, for missile warning, space surveillance, and intelligence gathering during the Cold War and beyond. • Cobra Dane Radar: The squadron's main asset, the AN/FPS-108 Cobra Dane, is a massive phased-array radar system operational since 1977. It is one of the most powerful long-range radars ever built, with a 29-meter (95-foot) diameter antenna. • Strategic Location: Shemya AFB is located on Shemya Island in the Aleutian chain, just 200 miles from Russia, making it a prime site for tracking Soviet missile activity across the northern Pacific. • Cold War Role: During the Cold War, 16 SURS provided crucial intelligence on Soviet ballistic missile tests and monitored satellite launches and reentries, playing a quiet but vital part in U.S. strategic defense. • Star Wars Connection: In the 1980s, Cobra Dane and 16 SURS became part of the Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”), tracking objects in space and helping develop missile defense concepts. • Space Surveillance: 16 SURS contributed to the U.S. Space Surveillance Network, tracking thousands of objects in low Earth orbit and providing data for satellite collision avoidance and space situational awareness. • Weather Challenges: Shemya’s harsh climate—frequent fog, winds over 100 mph, and earthquakes—made operations challenging. The Cobra Dane radar was designed to withstand these extremes. • Transition to Space Command: In 1983, 16 SURS became part of Air Force Space Command’s 1st Space Wing, reflecting the growing importance of space operations in U.S. defense strategy. • Post-Cold War Evolution: After the Cold War, 16 SURS and Cobra Dane shifted focus to missile defense and treaty verification, supporting arms control agreements like START. • Legacy: The 16 SURS was inactivated in the 1990s, but the Cobra Dane radar remains operational today, run by successor units, and continues to support missile tracking, space surveillance, and homeland defense.