Robert Kuzirian

Naval Facility San Nicolas Island (NAVFAC SNI), located on San Nicolas Island off the coast of California, was established in 1958 as part of the U.S. Navy’s Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) network. Its primary mission was to detect and track Soviet submarines during the Cold War using undersea listening technology. The facility operated as a key node in the broader anti-submarine warfare (ASW) efforts, contributing valuable intelligence to the defense of the United States. NAVFAC SNI was decommissioned in 1987 as advances in technology and shifting military priorities led to changes in undersea surveillance operations.

NAVSTA Roosevelt Roads was a United States Navy base located in Ceiba, Puerto Rico, established in 1943 during World War II as a strategic support and training facility in the Caribbean. Named after President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the base played a crucial role in anti-submarine warfare, logistics, and as a staging ground for U.S. naval operations throughout Latin America and the Atlantic. During the Cold War, it supported regional security initiatives and served as a key hub for joint military exercises and disaster relief efforts in the Caribbean basin. NAVSTA Roosevelt Roads was officially closed in 2004 as part of a Department of Defense realignment and its facilities were transferred to the Puerto Rican government.